WHAT IS AUTISM?

Autism, also known as Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. ASD now includes several conditions that used to be earlier diagnosed separately viz. autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger syndrome. It is believed that Autism is caused by dysfunction of association cortex and decreased brain cellular metabolism as observed on PET, SPECT, MRI, EEG. Pathologic abnormalities have not been conclusive, but in the brain increased cell-packing density and reduced neuronal cell size, and an absence of obvious gliosis are suggestive of abnormal development of portions of the limbic system and cerebellar circuits.
The children with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people. The learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of children with ASD can range from gifted to severely challenged. Some children with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less. The onset of symptoms may be 18-24 months. Some children may present problem even before turning an year old. This condition may affect the general development, social & communication skills and may lead to development of certain unusual interests and behaviors. In brief the clinical presentations may be

• not point at objects to show interest (for example, not point at an airplane flying over)
• not look at objects when another person points at them
• have trouble relating to others or not have an interest in other people at all
• avoid eye contact and want to be alone
• have trouble understanding other people’s feelings or talking about their own feelings
• prefer not to be held or cuddled, or might cuddle only when they want to
• appear to be unaware when people talk to them, but respond to other sounds
• be very interested in people, but not know how to talk, play, or relate to them
• repeat or echo words or phrases said to them, or repeat words or phrases in place of normal language
• have trouble expressing their needs using typical words or motions
• not play “pretend” games (for example, not pretend to “feed” a doll)
• repeat actions over and over again
• have trouble adapting when a routine changes
• have unusual reactions to the way things smell, taste, look, feel, or sound
• lose skills they once had (for example, stop saying words they were using)

Possible Causes
The real causes are poorly understood, but a few which have been identified, are:

• Underlying encephalopathy
• Brain injury during gestation and the perinatal period
• Associated with some known hereditary conditions, including tuberous sclerosis and infantile spasms

Traditionally Available Treatments:

• Treatment of decreased efficiency of brain
Medication therapy directed at abnormal behavior is frequently unsuccessful. Treatment with a number of neuro active drugs has been reported with varying success. The use of antipsychotic drugs may prove beneficial for some patients. Long-term use of such drugs is rarely necessary or advisable. Treatment of complications
• Treatment of complications
Children suffering from epileptic disorders respond well to anticonvulsant therapy. Behavior modification is a major part of the overall treatment for autism. These procedures include enhancement (i.e., rewards emphasizing appropriate choice) and reduction (extinction time-out, punishment).
• Speech therapy for improve their speech.
Methods are being developed to help increase spontaneous language usage that maximizes the autistic child’s communication. The use of facilitated communication has been disavowed by most professional organizations. Initial findings regarding the use of auditory integration training are hopeful; however full-scale investigations have not been undertaken.
• Training – This includes school training and vocational trainings
Special educational resources directed at improving social, language, and other interactive skills are most important and require prolonged and skilled efforts. Treatment is most successful when geared toward the individual’s particular needs.

What KRASS is doing DIFFERENTLY

An effort have been made by AAY therapy (Details given in the pdf), which works by improving the cellular metabolism of brain hence giving an improvement in functioning of brain and clinical improvement in the Autistic children. AAY therapy is a combination of Allopathic, Ayurveda and Yoga system that catalyzes the effects of each other and enhances successful management of Autistic children. This treatment has shown significant improvement in a many children over a period of 30 years.

Detail

Success Story

Autism Treatment And Publications

Learning disability

High Cholestrol

High cholesterol / Lipids are very common problem now a days because of living habits in ongoing scenario. High cholesterol makes the person prone for CAD. This is one of the important cause of mortality and morbidity now a days ( *********).
The medical advice is usually limited to medication, angiography, angioplasty and CABG. O medical treatment is available for preventing the patient to going to such a condition.
Here are the details of the herbal nutritional supplement as developed by KRASS and which have been found to be useful in the treatment of this disorder.

Product

• This is a herbal nutritional supplement.
• It does not contain any "Bhasma"
• This supplement is being successfully used by KRASS for more then 5 years.
• This herbal nutritional supplement has shown the significant clinical improvement / cure for this disorder.
• A new formulation not marketed anywhere in the world as yet.

Product characteristics

• Fine granule form – powder.
• Mildly bitter in taste
• Shelf life for the product is 2 years

Usage

• Dispensed in powder form.
• Mildly bitter in taste
• Shelf life for the product is 2 years

Claim to fame

• Effective in reducing Cholestrol/ Lipids. Results are evident with in 2 months of starting the supplement.
• Long term use (6-8) months is effective in removing the thrombus in coronary arteries.

Genesis of the product

• Developed as long-term research by KRASS team.
• Scientific paper have not been published because of the conditions of patent.

Substantiation of safety and claims

• Product has been tested as per WHO standards
• Data to substantiate the claim is available for review.

Differentiation from existing products (USP)

• No formulation or even drug, marketed in India or abroad is making such claims.

Market Potential

• High cholesterol / Lipids / CAD has been considered as difficult to cure disorder medically.
• A ray of hope in this field may be a break through in the medical treatment of these disorders.

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects joints. The cause of RA is not yet fully understood, It has been hypothesized that an abnormal response of the immune system plays a leading role in the inflammation and joint damage that occurs Along with joint inflammation and pain, which can lead to loss of function. Many people experience fatigue, loss of appetite and a low-grade fever. In systemic onset disease The disease may also have signs and symptoms in organs other than joints.
The process involves inflammation and fibrosis of the capsule around the joint. It also affects the underlying bone and cartilage.
Systemic onset RA can produce diffuse inflammation in the lungs, the membrane around the heart, the membranes of the lungs, changes in eyes. It can also produce nodular lesions, most common within the skin.

Diagnosis

Mostly on the basis of symptoms and physical examination.
Clinical examination
To diagnose rheumatoid arthritis, the doctor will take a detailed medical history and conduct a thorough physical examination. X-rays or blood tests are required to exclude other co nditions that can produce similar symptoms.
Biochemical examination

• CBC (complete blood count)
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• Blood culture. This can be done to rule out infections.
• Bone marrow examination. To rule out conditions such as leukemia
• Rheumatoid factor. An antibody produced in the blood of children with some forms of JRA. But it's much more commonly found in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.
• ANA (antinuclear antibody), a blood test to detect autoimmunity. It's also useful in predicting which children are likely to have eye disease with JRA.
• A bone scan, to detect changes in bone and joints to evaluate the causes of unexplained bone and joint pain.

Treating Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

The treatment of JIA is best undertaken by an experienced team of health professionals, including paediatric rheumatologists, ophthalmologists, dentists, orthopaedic surgeons, school nurses and teachers, careers advisors and, of course local general practitioners, paediatricians and rheumatologists.
It is essential that every effort is made to involve the affected child and their family in disease education and balanced treatment decisions.
The goals of treatment are to relieve pain and inflammation, slow down or prevent the destruction of joints, and restore use and function of the joints to promote optimal growth, physical activity, and social and emotional development in your child.

Medications

There have been very beneficial advances in drug treatment over the last 20 years. Most children are treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Methotrexate is a powerful drug which helps suppress joint inflammation in the majority of JIA patients with polyarthritis and systemic arthritis. Newer drugs have been developed recently, such as TNF alpha blockers, which appear to be effective in severe JIA. There is little or no controlled evidence to support the use of alternative remedies such as specific dietary exclusions, homeopathic treatment or acupuncture.

Physical Therapy

An appropriate physical therapy program is essential in the management of any type of arthritis. A physical therapist will explain the importance of certain activities and recommend exercises suited to your child's specific condition. The therapist may recommend range-of-motion exercises to restore flexibility in stiff, sore joints and other exercises to help build strength and endurance.

Regular Exercise

When pain strikes, it's natural for your child to want to sit still. But it's important to maintain a regular exercise program. Muscles must be kept strong and healthy so they can help support and protect joints. Regular exercise also helps to maintain range of motion.
At home and at school, your child should maintain regular exercise and physical fitness programs. Safe activities include walking, swimming, and bicycling (especially on indoor stationary bikes). Always be certain your child warms up the muscles through stretching before exercising. Making exercise a family activity can increase the level of fun and enthusiasm.

Treatment by AAY Therapy

• AAY Therapy reduces joint pain, joint swelling and improves joint mobility
• If the patient is on steroid AAY therapy gradually stops the requirement of steroids
• If the patient is on immunosuppressive drugs, AAY therapy stops its requirement

JRA

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ADULT ONSET

No Stain H

TOOTH POWDER USEFUL FOR REMOVING STAINS, TAR FROM THE TEETH AND IMPROVING THE DENTINE ETC.
This product is a tooth powder useful for removing dental stains of fluorosis without harming to dentin/enamel. And during observation period it was observed that this powder is not only useful in fluoride dental stains but also other dental stains. A brief details of the powder is as follows:

• This powder is in fine granule form.
• The preparation is fully as per technically prescribed specification of Indian standards.
• It is useful in removing the stains of the teeth without injury to dentin and enamel.
• As per dentist's it is also improving the brightness and luster of the tooth removes the callus deposition, on and in between the teeth and helps in preventing premature breakage of the teeth.
• The taste of the powder can be modified as per requirement.
• This has been tested by the dentists attached to SMS Medical College on tooth model as well as, in double blind control study.

Product

• Tooth powder can also be prepared as toothpaste.
• A new formulation not marketed anywhere in the world as yet.
• The product and its manufacturing process is a trade secret.

Product characteristics

• Fine granule form – powder.
• Tasteless – flavoring can be done as required
• Shelf life for the product is 2 years

Usage

• Normal brushing of teeth with brush or finger.

Claim to fame

• Effective in removal of stains Fluoride stains Pan, Gutka, Tea and other extrinsic stains
• Effective in improvement of enamel and dentine Prevention of deformities in tooth Increases tooth life (prevents premature breakage) Removes callus deposition on and in between teeth
• Improves brightness and luster of teeth
• Effective in removing the haliotosis (Bad smell of the mouth) in a very short duration.
• Effective in gingivitis (Gum swelling, bleeding Gums) and other gum disorders

Product characteristics

• Fine granule form – powder.
• Tasteless – flavoring can be done as required
• Shelf life for the product is 2 years

Genesis of the product

• Developed as an offshoot of a long term fluoride research (national and international papers published) and is based on the understanding of pathophysiology of fluorosis.

Substantiation of safety and claims

• Product has been tested by the dentists attached to SMS Medical college, Jaipur in In-vivo and In-vitro studies
• Data to substantiate the claim is available for review.
• Safety data for the product is also available for review.
• Human clinical trials have been done on about 75 subjects. No adverse effects were reported.
• In vitro data is also available to support the product.
• Micro testing and heavy metal testing data is available as quality assurance documents.

Differentiation from existing products ( USP)

• No toothpowder or toothpaste or even drug marketed in India or abroad is making such claims, especially removal of fluorosis related stains.
• Fluoride free product. This is important in view of the overwhelming problem of fluorosis in our country, making the teeth disfigured and the generations crippled. Fluoridated toothpastes are one of the major sources of fluoride ingestion.

Market Potential

While the WHO standards and IS 10500 (1991) permit only 1.5 mg/l as a safe limit for human consumption, people in several districts in Rajasthan are consuming water with fluoride concentrations of upto about 44 mg/l.
The problem has reached alarming proportions in India, affecting at least 15 states. They are:
1. 50- 100% districts in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu & Uttar Pradesh
2. 30- 50% districts in Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra & Punjab.
3. < 30% districts in Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala & Orissa.
Internationally Pakistan, Bangladesh, Argentina, Morocco, Middle East Countries, Japan, South African countries, New Zealand, Thailand and USA are also facing the problem of fluorosis in varying degrees.
The western world introduced fluoride based tooth pastes/powder in India. Over the past few years, the fluoride content in tooth pastes/powder has however been reduced in the brands marketed in our country. Still all the major brands are fluoride based.

Mental Retardation

Mental retardation is a condition characterized by limitations in performance that result from significant impairments in measured intelligence and adaptive behavior that occurs before age 18. This is a condition of both clinical and social importance. More Details about Mental Retardation.

Introduction

Mental retardation also confers a social status that can be more handicapping than the specific disability itself. The determinants of competence in any individual are complex and multifactorial. Regardless of his or her level of performance, each child’s abilities are influenced by both the integrity and the maturational status of the nervous system and by the nature and quality of his or her life experience. Some children sustain significant neurologic insults and develop normal skills. Others manifest severe cognitive impairment despite the absence of recognizable focal neurologic findings or historical evidence of significant risk factors for CNS dysfunction.

Incidences

Approximately 3% of the general population has an IQ less than two standard deviations below the mean. It has been estimated that 80-90% of persons with mental retardation function within the mild range, whereas only 5% of the population with mental retardation is severely to profoundly impaired.

Causes

Table 1 lists potential contributing factors in the pathogenesis of mental retardation from preconception through the early childhood years.

Clinical Manifestations

• failure to meet intellectual developmental markers
• persistence of infantile behavior
• lack of curiosity
• decreased learning ability
• inability to meet educational demands of school

Table 2 lists a number of atypical physical features that have been associated with a higher incidence of mental retardation.
Mental retardation may suggest a syndromes that are associated with mental retardation should be identified at birth or during early infancy e.g. Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, and primary microcephaly are examples of such conditions.
Deviations in normal adaptive behaviors depend on the severity of the condition. Mild retardation may be associated with a lack of curiosity and quiet behavior. Severe mental retardation is associated with infantile behavior throughout life.
Although youngsters with severe impairment show marked delays in psychomotor skills in the first year of life, children with moderate retardation typically exhibit normal motor development and present with delayed speech and language abilities in the toddler years. Mild retardation, on the other hand, may not be suspected until after entry into school, although participation in an organized preschool or child-care program can highlight discrepancies in the performance of a young child with significantly sub average abilities.

Classification

Recently categories of mild, moderate, severe and profound retardation have been replaced by a classification system that specifies four levels of support systems needed for daily functioning (i.e., intermittent, limited, extensive and pervasive).

Mental efficiency

Ultimately, the diagnosis of mental retardation requires confirmation of significantly sub average general intellectual functioning (i.e., an IQ standard score of 70-75 or below) in association with deficits in two more of the following ten adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure, and work.

Diagnosis

• Parental report, and, care giver or teacher report gives the initial clue that this child needs further evaluation.
• A comprehensive history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation often lead to identification of specific factors.
• This finding follows developmental assessment and systemic evaluation. A range of laboratory studies must be considered in the medical evaluation including karyotypes.
• It should be kept in mind that a diagnosis of mental retardation relies on an assessment of adaptive behavior and not solely on IQ, the epidemiology varies with the life cycle.

Neuropathology

Mental retardation is multifactor and neuropathology varies with the cause.

Preconceptual Disorders

• Singal gene abnormalities (e.g., inborn errors of metabolism, neurocutaneous disorders)
• Chromosomal abnormalities (i.e. X-linked disorders, translocations, fragile X syndrome)
• Mitochondrial abnormalities
• Polygenic familial syndrome

Early Embryonic Disruptions

• Chromosomal disorders (e.g., trisomies, mosaics)
• Infections (e.g. CMV, rebella, toxoplasmosis, HIV)
• Teratogens (e.g., alcohol, radiation)
• Placental dysfunction
• Congenital CNS malformations (idiopathic)

Fetal Brain Insults

• Infections (e.g. HIV, toxoplasmosis, CMV, herpes simplex)
• Toxins (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, lead, maternal phenylketonuria, maternal tobacco smoking[?]).
• Placental insufficiency/infrauterine malnutrition
• Perinatal Difficulties

Postnatal Brain Insults

• Infections (e.g. encephalitis, meningitis)
• Trauma (e.g. severe head injury)
• Asphyxia (e.g. near-drowning, prolonged apnea, suffocation)
• Metabolic disorders (e.g., hypoglycemia, hypernatremia)
• Toxins (e.g., lead)
• Intracranial hemorrhage

Malnutrition

• Postnatal Experiential Disruption
• Poverty and family disorganization
• Dysfunctional infant-caregiver interaction
• Parental psychopathology
• Parental Substance abuse
• Unknown Influences

Hair

• Double whorl
• Fine, friable, prematurely gray or white locks Sparse or absent hair

Eyes

• Microphthalmia
• Hypertelorism, Hypotelorism
• Upward-and outward or downward-and-outward slant Inner or outer epicanthal folds
• Coloboma of iris or retina, Brushfield spots
• Eccentrically placed pupil, Nystagmus

Ears

• Low-set pinna
• Simple or abnormal helix formation

Nose

• Flattened bridge
• Small size, Upturned nares

Face

• Increased length of philtrum
• Hypoplasia of maxilla or mandible

Mouth

• Inverted V-shape of upper lip
• Wide or high-arched palate

Head

• Microcrania
• Macrocrania

Hands

• Short 4th or 5th metacarpals
• Short, stubby fingers
• Long, thin, tapered fingers
• Broad thumbs
• Clinodactyly
• Abnormal dermatoglyphics (e.g., distal triradius)
• Transverse palmar crease
• Abnormal nails

Feet

• Short 4th or 5th metatarsals
• Overlap of toes, Short, stubby toes
• Broad, large big toes
• Deep crease leading from angle of 1st and 2nd toes
• Abnormal dermatoglyphics

Genitals

• Ambiguous genitalia
• Micropenis
• Large testicies

Skin

• Care-au-lait spots
• Depigmented nevi

Teeth

• Evidence of abnormal enamelogenesis and Abnormal odontogenesis

Mental Retardation Success Story

Project Mental Retardation

Short wrt up Mental Retardation

MR - Epidemiology and Diagnosis

Prevention

Services - Management

Slides MR - Problem

CAD Formula

Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency is quite prevelant in population due to way of life we are living. Since its supplementation is necessary for bone health. It is desirable to supplement Calcium and Vitamin D. With this concept a powder is formulated for supplementation, which is easy to supplement.

Detail About CAD

Why to take CAD

HERBAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR TREATMENT OF SCIATICA / LUMBER DISC PROLAPSE

Lumber disc prolapse/ sciatica is a painful condition for which no specific medical treatment is available. The medical advice is usually based on bed rest for long time and pain killers. Lumbar disc herniation occurs 15 times more often than cervical (neck) disc herniation, and it is one of the most common causes of lower back pain. Americans spend at least $50 billion each year on low back pain, the most common cause of job-related disability and a leading contributor to missed work. About 250,000 Americans have disk surgery for sciatica each year, while another quarter-million instead choose physical therapy, painkillers or rest until they feel better. In India no definite figures are available. Some studies reported the prevelance of disease about 3-8%. Most of the cases do not relieved by this medical advice and if relieved, the recurrence is one of the major problems, and normally the patient is advised for surgery.
So far specifically, neither allopathic nor herbal medicine/ supplement is claiming to have a cure for this disease. Here are the details of the herbal nutritional supplement as developed by KRASS along with few allopathic medications (not steroids) and yoga (AAY Treatment) and which have been found to be useful in the treatment of this disorder. More than 90% cases cured after completion of treatment (6-8 Months). The treatment with AAY system have the following advantages over the ongoing treatment.

• Complete cure after due course of treatment.
• Rest only for 3 weeks – You can do day to day activity.
• No recurrence after 15 years follow up study.
• No side effects.
• More then 90% cure rate.
• Financial implications are affordable to lower medium class community.
• Avoiding all complications of surgery.
• No repeated surgery.

The improvement with this supplement starts in 3 weeks of starting the treatment.

Slip Disc Exercise in English

Slip Disc Exercise in Hindi

PIVD project

PIVD Write Up in Brief

Success story

Slip Disc News

HIGH NITRATE INGESTION IN DRINKING WATER

Excessive nitrate concentration in drinking water is reported to have caused Methemoglobinemia in infants up to 6 months of age. World Health Organization (WHO) has prescribed maximum permissible limits in drinking water as 50 mg of NO3 per liter. While a few cases of methemoglobinemia in infants have been reported to be associated with water nitrate levels of less than 50 mg/l, most cases occur with nitrate level of 90 mg/l or more. In several developing countries, consumption of water containing high nitrate concentrations, at times up to 500 mg NO3 per liter, is not uncommon. However, in Indian villages, where people have been consuming water containing high nitrate concentrations, at times up to 500 mg NO3 per liter, few cases of methemoglobinemia have been reported in infants. The other toxicities reported are:

Methaemoglobinemia – All ages
Once meth Hb exceeds 10% of total Hb, it manifests as clinical cyanosis and causes cellular anoxia. The quantitative clinical presentation is given below:
   Meth-Hb     Clinical Presentation

• <10%        No Signs And Symptoms
• 10-25%    No Symptoms, Cyanosis Present
• 25-50%    Cyanosis, Dyspnoea, Headache
• 50-60%     Dyspnoea Even On Lying, Cyanosis, Disorientation
• >60%        Lethal Levels

Cytochrome b5 reductase adaptation (2)
High nitrate concentrations are causing Methemoglobinemia in infantile (below 1 year) and older (over 18 years) age groups. The reserve of Cytochrome b5 reductase activity and its adaptation with increasing water nitrate concentration to compensate Methemoglobinemia is more in younger age group (1-18 Years) in comparison with infantile and older age groups. The adaptation peaks at about 95 ppm nitrate concentration and falls back to the base line level at about 200 ppm.
Increased infant mortality rate.
Birth defects - Malformations.

• Neural tube defects
• Multiple organ malformations
• Birth defects which experimentally linked with teratogenicity of N-Nitroso compounds

Thyroid

• Endemic Goiter - There is a competitive mechanism leading to inhibition of iodide uptake by nitrate ion

Delayed Reaction To Light And Sound

• This has been observed even at the Meth Hb level of 5.3%.

Respiratory system

• RRTI in children ; emphysema , bronchial asthma, Histopathopathological examination indicated dilation of bronchi, infiltration of lymphocytes in the mucosa and muscles were atrophied.

Cardiovascular effects

• Earlier onset of hypertension.

Cancer

• The availability of n-nitroso compounds leads to have a high incidence of cancer of targeted organ – gastric and hepatic. Nasopharyngeal and Esophageal Cancers are other two malignancies postulated to be due to N-nitroso compounds.

GIT

• Stomatitis, Recurrent Diarrhea.

Publications in Current Science

Publications

Agricultural Nitrogen Use & Its Environmental Implications

Pathophysiology of Nitrate Toxicity in Humans and its Mitigaton Measures

ING Bulletins On Regional Assessment Of Reactive Nitrogen

Treatment of Renal and Ureteric stone

Treatment of ureteric and renal stones (<15 mm in size) is possible with the use of ayurvedic formulations.

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimers disease is a multifactorial problem.The exact cause is not known.The pathophysiology of disease as reported in literature is gradually diminution in cerebral perfusion of brain. As the disease progresses the diminution in cerebral perfusion of brain increases. And hence the clinical progression and presentation goes from bed to worse. To improve the disease process there is a need of treatment which can improve the cerebral perfusion.Cerebroflo is an herbal nutritional supplement.The use of cerebroflo has shown the improvement in cerebral perfusion and it is well documented scientifically.The use of cerebroflo in patients of AD leads to improvement in cerebral perfusion as well as in clinical symptoms. The SPECT studies with Cerebroflo supplementation indicated significant improvement in cerebral perfusion. The improvement in cerebral perfusion was associated with clinical improvement in these patients. If cerebroflo started in early stages of disease the improvement can be expected from 70-90%. Apart from this cerebroflo inhibit the progress of disease; the use of cerebroflo is also acts as preventive measure from AD. The improvement in later stages of disease with cerebroflo supplementation depends upon the amount of damaged neuronal cells.

Treatment of Alzheimers

Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial problem. The exact cause is not known. The pathophysiology of disease as reported in literature is, gradually diminution in cerebral perfusion of brain. As the disease progresses the diminution in cerebral perfusion of brain increases, and hence the clinical progression and presentation goes from bed to worse. Existing treatments indicated that there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. Available treatments offer relatively small symptomatic benefit but remain palliative in nature. Current treatments can be divided into pharmaceutical, psychosocial and caregiving.The prescribed drugs are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (Tacrine , Rivastigmine , Galantamine and Donepezil ) and NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine).Now a days Donepezil (FDA approved) an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of AD symptoms. No drug has an indication for delaying or halting the progression of the disease. The most common side effects of these drugs are nausea and vomiting , both of which are linked to cholinergic excess. These side effects arise in approximately 10–20% of users and are mild to moderate in severity. Less common secondary effects include muscle cramps , decreased heart rate (bradycardia ), decreased appetite and weight, and increased gastric acid production WITH THIS LITERATURE BACKGROUND NOW THE QUESTION ARISES

News

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AD

Project Alzheimers

News

FLUORIDE AND FLUOROSIS– TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Fluorosis is an endemic problem in most developing countries. In Rajasthan alone all 32 districts have been identified as fluorosis prone areas. While the WHO standards permit only 1.5 mg/l as a safe limit for human consumption people in several districts in Rajasthan are consuming water with fluoride concentrations of up to 44 mg/l. This has resulted in permanent deformities, severe joint pains, general debility and misery. (Annexure 1&2) There is a crying need to over come the problem of fluorosis. Few more information is needed :

Brief wrtup on Fluoride

Detailed write up on fluoride

fluoride Publications

Final fluoride published

Download Monograph on fluorosis

Three approaches are indicated:

• Treatment of the children.
• Use of safe domestic defluoridation technique at household level.
• Health education.

Treatment of the disease.

Literature reviewed indicated that the fluorosis is irreversible. Recent studies conducted in Rajasthan by Dr. Sunil Kr. Gupta and his team (under Rajasthan DST sponsored studies) indicated that fluorosis could be reversed, at least in children, by a therapeutic regimen (Calcium, Vitamin C and Vitamin D) which is cheap and easily available. The scientific papers have been published in International and National repute journals. (Annexure 3,4)
Recently a newly developed Tooth powder developed by Dr. Sunil Kr. Gupta is very useful in removing the dental stains of fluorosis, so as to overcome the psychological problems girls due to dental stains.

Use of safe domestic defluoridation technique at household level.

To avoid water containing > 1.5 mg/l of fluoride by using domestic defluoridation. Various methods of domestic defluoridation have been recommended so far, are aimed at bringing the fluoride levels to the WHO standards but they are cumbersome and difficult to use by our villagers. Defluoridation on larger scale is costly and requires.continuous skilled supervision. The commonly advisable Nalgonda process is not successful on field implementation (enclosure 5).
Newly developed KRASS defluoridation technology, Jaipur developed by Dr. Sunil Kr. Gupta appears to be most suitable for use in our rural areas. The KRASS defluoridation technology have been tested and approved by CSIR, New Delhi and Chief Chemist, Department of PHED, Government of Rajasthan (enclosure 6,7).

Team up with KRASS

Krass India is registered as a charitable, non-profit making organization with a objective of researching ways to deal with most endemic diseases facing our community including all aspects of Fluoride and Fluorosis to provide initiatives to mitigate the disease worldwide. We are working with government agencies in India in making them aware of our work and attract funds from overseas to carry on with its activities to benefit those in need.
If you are part of any worldwide non-profit organization working in the area of Fluorosis, we'd like to hear from you on how we can collaborate to make a difference to the people and societies suffering from this disease.
We also welcome all individual or philanthropist from any part of the globe who would like to support our activities by way of providing funds to the organization.
Please email us if you'd like more information or click here to get more information on contributing.
Dr. Sunil K. Gupta, drsunil@gmail.com

Health education

Book 1

Book 2